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Radiation sickness |
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Radiation sickness
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U | Radiation sickness occurs from exposure to a
large amount of radiation. The exposure may be in a
series of doses spread over time (chronic) or in a
single large dose (acute). Radiation exposure may be
accidental or intentional. The two main types of radiation are penetrating
(ionizing) and nonpenetrating (nonionizing).
Penetrating radiation affects you by entering your
body and depositing radioactive energy into your
tissues, which then can cause cell damage or cell
death. Nonpenetrating radiation doesn't pass through
your skin. A large dose of penetrating radiation may
kill bone marrow cells, while a large dose of
nonpenetrating radiation may burn your skin. Radiation is a cancer-causing agent (carcinogen).
Exposure to radiation can increase your risk of
cancer. Large doses of radiation can cause other
adverse health effects, including
cataracts and
mental retardation in the children of mothers
exposed during pregnancy.
Treatment No treatment can
reverse the effects of radiation exposure. Treatment for radiation
sickness is designed to help relieve its signs and symptoms. Doctors may
use anti-nausea drugs and painkillers to relieve some symptoms, and
antibiotics to fight off secondary infection. You may need blood
transfusions if you develop anemia. If you've been
exposed to high amounts of radiation, you'll need long-term monitoring
by a doctor. Even if you recover initially, other health problems may
develop months or years after exposure. You'll need regular physical
examinations and laboratory studies to detect the development of delayed
effects.
Prevention Avoiding exposure
to large amounts of radiation is the only way to prevent radiation
sickness. The condition develops only after you've been exposed to
extremely high doses of radiation, such as by an industrial accident,
nuclear weapon detonation or explosion of a dirty bomb.
Radiation sickness
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