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Para-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA)

Para-aminobenzoic acid or PABA is a non-protein amino acid that is widely distributed in nature. Para-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA) is part of the folic acid molecule and is a member of the B complex. It is made by intestinal bacteria and can be found in bran, brown rice, kidney, liver, molasses, sunflower seeds, wheat germ, whole-grain products and yogurt.

How it Works in Your Body:
When used as a topical sunscreen it shields your skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage
Treats Vitiligo, a condition characterized by discoloration or depigmentation of some areas of the skin
Increases effectiveness of folic acid, vitamin-B complex and vitamin C
May rejuvenate skin
May treat arthritis
May treat constipation
May treat gastrointestinal disorders
May treat nervousness and irritability

• Constipation

Where it is Found:
Brewer’s yeast
Wheat germ
Liver
Eggs
Molasses
Bran
Brown rice
Sunflower seeds
Whole-grain products
Yogurt
Kidney

How to Use:
Available as:
PABA is an ingredient in many topical sunscreen products
PABA is an ingredient in many multivitamin/mineral preparations

Cautions:
Don’t take if you:
Take any sulfonamide (“sulfa drugs”) or antibiotic internally due to the inhibiting effects of PABA when used with these substances

Consult your doctor if you:
Are pregnant, there is a possibility you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant in the future.

Pregnancy:
Do not take internally. No problems are expected while taking PABA topically. The risks of taking this supplement are greater than the benefits.

Breastfeeding:
Do not take internally. No problems are expected while taking PABA topically. The risks of taking this supplement are greater than the benefits.

Infants and Children:
It is hazardous to treat infants and children under 2 with any supplement.

Storage:
Keep in a cool and dry location, but do not freeze.
Keep safely away from children.
Do not keep in bathroom medicine cabinet. Heat and dampness may alter the action of the supplement.

Safe dosage:
To date, there has been no “safe” dosage established.
Do not take an oral supplement of PABA without a physician’s supervision

Toxicity:
If PABA is taken continuously in high doses, it may exhibit toxic effects on the liver. PABA is stored in the tissues.

Side Effects:
Signs and symptoms: What to do?
Diarrhea : Discontinue use. Call your physician immediately.
Fever : Discontinue use. Call your physician immediately.
Liver disease, evidenced by abnormal liver- function tests, jaundice (yellow skin and eyes), vomiting : Discontinue use. Call your physician immediately.
Nausea or vomiting : Discontinue use. Call your physician immediately.
Skin rash : Discontinue use. Call your physician immediately.

• Diarrhea
• fever
• Jaundice
• Nausea
• vomiting

Para-aminobenzoic acid overdose

Alternative names   

PABA

Definition     

This poisoning is from an overdose of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA).

Poisonous Ingredient     

Para-aminobenzoic acid

Where Found     

• Some sunscreen products
• Other skin care products

Symptoms     

Note: most toxic reactions to PABA are from allergic reactions, not overdoses.

• Respiratory
  • Slowed breathing (in extremely high doses)
  • Shortness of breath (more common in allergic reactions)
• Eyes, ears, nose, and throat
  • Eye irritation may occur after eye exposure
• Skin
  • Rash (allergic)
• Gastrointestinal
  • Nausea and/or vomiting
• Nervous system (all effects are with extremely high doses)
  • Dizziness
  • Stupor
  • Coma

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• vomiting

Home Treatment     

If you suspect that someone might be having an allergic reaction to PABA or may have been exposed to a toxic dose of PABA, call Poison Control and seek medical care immediately. Irrigate or wash any skin which may have been exposed to PABA. Flush eyes with large amounts of water for eye exposure. Do not induce vomiting.

Before Calling Emergency     

Determine the following information:

• The patient's age, weight, and condition
• Name of product (as well as the ingredients and strength, if known)
• The time it was swallowed
• The amount swallowed

What to expect at the emergency room     

Some, or all of the following procedures may be performed:

• For swallowed poison
  • Placement of a tube down the nose and into the stomach (a nasogastric tube, or an NG tube) to wash out the stomach (gastric lavage)
  • Activated charcoal administration
  • Endoscopy -- the placement of a camera down the throat to see the extent of burns to the esophagus and the stomach
  • Give IV fluids
  • Admission to the hospital
  • Give an antidote
  • Treat the symptoms
• For skin exposure
  • Irrigation (washing of the skin), perhaps every few hours for several days
  • Skin debridement (surgical removal of burned skin)
  • Admission or transfer to a hospital that specializes in burn care
• For allergic reactions
  • Use of diphenhydramine
  • Use of prednisone

Expectations (prognosis)     

Ingestion of sunscreen products containing PABA rarely causes symptoms, except in very large doses. Some patients may be allergic to PABA.

by: Cherlin Johnson, M.D., Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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