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Travelers Diarrhea |
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Traveler's diarrhea
Traveler's diarrhea may be caused by any of several bacteria, viruses, or parasites. However, enterotoxigenic E. coli is the most common cause. E. coli organisms are commonly present in the water supplies of areas that lack adequate water purification. Infection is common in persons traveling to some areas of Mexico and Latin America, the Middle East, Asia, and Africa. Travelers often avoid drinking local water but become infected by brushing their teeth with an improperly rinsed toothbrush, drinking bottled drinks with ice made from local water, or eating food prepared with local water. Being careful about what you eat and drink can reduce your risk. Signs and symptoms Traveler's diarrhea usually begins abruptly while traveling or shortly after you return home. Most cases go away in three to four days, without treatment. Ninety percent of cases clear up within a week. However, you can have multiple episodes of traveler's diarrhea in one trip. The most common signs and symptoms of traveler's diarrhea are:
A small number of cases involve moderate to severe dehydration, bloody stools, persistent vomiting or a high fever. If you or your child experiences any of these signs and symptoms or if the diarrhea lasts longer than a few days, it's time to see a doctor. Causes It's possible that traveler's diarrhea may stem from the stress of traveling, jet lag, fatigue, or change in diet or altitude. But existing evidence shows that the problem is almost always an infectious agent. You typically develop traveler's diarrhea by ingesting food or water that's contaminated with organisms from feces. These organisms are infectious agents — including various bacteria, viruses and parasites — that enter your gastrointestinal tract and overpower your defense mechanisms, resulting in symptoms. The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. These bacteria attach themselves to the lining of your intestine and release a toxin that causes diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Risk factors Your chances of contracting traveler's diarrhea are mostly determined by your destination. But certain groups of people have a greater risk of developing the condition. These include:
When to seek medical advice Traveler's diarrhea usually goes away on its own in about three or four days. Symptoms may last longer and be more severe if the condition is caused by organisms other than common bacteria. In such cases you may need prescription medications to help you overcome the ailment. If you have severe dehydration, persistent vomiting, bloody stools or a high fever, or if your symptoms last for more than a few days, seek medical help. The local U.S. embassy or consulate can help you find a competent, English-speaking medical professional. Be especially cautious with children, since traveler's diarrhea can cause severe dehydration in a short time. Call a doctor if your child is sick and exhibits any of the following signs or symptoms:
Traveler's diarrhea > next > 1 > 2 > 3 > 4
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